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Money for Garbage? Cairo Kiosks Buy Recyclable Material

Cairo residents are being offered money in exchange for their recyclable garbage, as part of efforts to clean the city’s streets and reduce the enormous landfill waste produced in the teeming metropolis of 22 million.

Two kiosks in the historic Cairo neighborhood of Heliopolis began buying cans, glass, paper and different kinds of plastic from the public last week.

The response has been enthusiastic, with local children volunteering to dispose household waste and earn extra pocket money.

“The idea is simply to give value to garbage, so instead of throwing it out people can benefit from it and that helps us keep our streets clean,” said Cairo Governor Atef Abdelhamid.

The project was spearheaded by two members of Egypt’s parliament who successfully launched similar initiatives in other cities on a smaller scale.

“We wanted each individual to feel responsible for the safety and cleanliness of local streets, to take ownership of the space,” said Nadia Henry, one of the parliamentarians.

The kiosks compress and sell the material to factories for reuse.

Prices of each recyclable item are posted on a large green sign on the front of the kiosks – a kilogram of aluminum cans goes for 9 Egyptian pounds ($0.5011), a kilogram of cardboard for one.

Despite the low prices, the financial incentive is worthwhile for many in Egypt where millions live a paycheck from hunger and an established network of informal waste collectors already pick up, sell or recycle household garbage.

With inflation soaring above 30 percent since Egypt floated its pound currency in November, many people are struggling to make ends meet and are seeking ways to make even small amounts of extra cash.

“It’s a great initiative and the money encourages us and our children to collect these items instead of throwing them out,” said Adel Mohamed, who came to sell a sack full of plastic.

Authorities will evaluate the project’s success over the coming months with the aim of installing similar kiosks across the capital, the governor said.

“We hope to reach a point where people will do this without the monetary incentive, but this is the start,” said Nermine Talaat, who manages one of the kiosks.

($1 = 17.9600 Egyptian pounds)

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Trump Administration Halts Obama-Era Rule on Fracking on Public Land

The Trump administration is rolling back an Obama administration rule requiring companies that drill for oil and natural gas on federal lands to disclose chemicals used in hydraulic fracturing, better known as fracking.

The administration said in court papers Wednesday that it is withdrawing from a lawsuit challenging the Obama-era rule and will begin a new rule-making process later this year.

The Interior Department issued the rule in March 2015, the first major federal regulation of fracking, the controversial drilling technique that has sparked an ongoing boom in natural gas production but raised widespread concerns about possible groundwater contamination and even earthquakes.

The rule has been on hold since last year after a judge in Wyoming ruled that federal regulators lack congressional authority to set rules for fracking.

Interior Department confirms intent

A spokeswoman for Interior Secretary Ryan Zinke confirmed the administration’s intent to submit a new rule but did not add further comment late Wednesday. Zinke took office March 1 and has promised to review a slew of department rules and policies.

 

Michael Saul, an attorney with the Center for Biological Diversity, an environmental group, called the Trump administration’s decision to withdraw the fracking rule “disturbing” and said it “highlights Trump’s desire to leave our beautiful public lands utterly unprotected from oil industry exploitation.”

Backing away from what he called modest rules “is doubly dangerous, given the administration’s reckless plans to ramp up fracking and drilling on public lands across America,” Saul said.

The Obama-era rule came after three years of consideration, drawing criticism from the oil and gas industry as unnecessary and duplicative of state efforts to regulate drilling. Some environmental groups worried that the rules were too lenient and could allow unsafe drilling techniques to pollute groundwater.

FracFocus.org started in 2011

The rule relies on an online database used by at least 16 states to track the chemicals used in fracking operations. The website, FracFocus.org, was formed by industry and intergovernmental groups in 2011 and allows users to gather well-specific data on tens of thousands of drilling sites across the country.

Companies would have had to disclose the chemicals they use within 30 days of the fracking operation.

Fracking involves pumping huge volumes of water, sand and chemicals underground to split open rocks to allow oil and gas to flow.

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New Consortium Speaks in Favor of Strict US Fuel-efficiency Standards

The Trump administration went to work rolling back another Obama-era environmental regulation Wednesday.

Regulators announced they would review strict vehicle fuel efficiency standards finalized days before President Donald Trump took office.

Trump calls the rules “industry-killing regulations.” But environmental and doctors groups say they are cleaning the air and helping Americans at the pump.

The rules now under review require an average of 54.5 miles per gallon (23 kilometers per liter) from an automaker’s entire fleet by 2025.

“No conventional vehicle today meets that target,”  the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers, an industry trade group, said in a February 21 letter to EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt. Hybrid and electric vehicles do, but they make up less than 3.5 percent of vehicles made today, the group said.

And with gas prices low, consumers are buying more trucks and SUVs and fewer fuel-efficient vehicles. That makes it harder to reach the fleetwide gas mileage target.

Automakers fear they will be punished for selling what consumers want to buy. They said it would cost $200 billion between 2012 and 2025 to comply with the rules.

“These standards are costly for automakers and the American people,” said Pruitt.

Ahead of schedule

But supporters of such efficiency standards noted that the industry was already improving them ahead of schedule.   

“There’s no doubt that the current standards are reasonable and achievable,” said Kristin Igusky at the World Resources Institute. “In fact, the industry as a whole has surpassed the vehicle standards in each of the last four years, while creating jobs and selling more vehicles than ever.”

The EPA announced last November that more than 100 vehicles on the market already met 2020 efficiency standards, even as the industry hit a sales record.

 

“Rolling back vehicle fuel standards would make Americans spend more at the pump, leaving them with less for their families and basic needs,” Igusky added.

“It’s not an economic issue alone. It’s a health issue,” added Jonathan Patz, head of the University of Wisconsin Global Health Institute.

Patz spoke at Wednesday’s launch of the Medical Society Consortium on Climate and Health, a new alliance of physicians groups representing more than half of the nation’s doctors.

“Between 60,000 and 80,000 Americans still die prematurely from particulate air pollution” each year, he said. “So, to roll back these standards is going to harm our health.”

The transportation sector releases about a quarter of the greenhouse gases in the United States, according to the EPA.

Low-hanging fruit

Although manufacturers are meeting fuel efficiency targets now, it may get harder as the 2025 deadline gets closer, according to industry analyst Kevin Riddell with LMC Automotive.

Riddell said automakers had “picked up a lot of the low-hanging fruit” in terms of increasing efficiency. “The newer technologies that they’re looking at now are starting to add some considerable cost.”

Plus, regulators have allowed truck efficiency to improve at a slower pace than that for cars. That changes in 2022, when the pace of truck improvements will have to increase.

“That’s going to be a bigger challenge,” Riddell said.

The industry says it is not opposed to raising fuel efficiency standards. But it says the Obama administration rushed them into place without considering the impact.

Review set for 2018

A midterm review of the rules is not due until April 1, 2018. The EPA finalized its decision not to change them on January 12, just before Obama left office.

With the Trump administration’s announcement, Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers chief Mitch Bainwol said, “Now we will get back to work … in carefully determining how we can improve mileage and reduce carbon emissions while preserving vehicle safety, auto jobs, and affordable new cars and trucks.”

But in a global marketplace, automakers have more to think about than just EPA rules, Riddell noted.

“Even if these targets are eased up a bit,” he said, “Europe is not going to ease up on their targets. China is not going to ease up on their targets.”

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‘La La Land,’ ‘Beauty and the Beast’ Ride Resurgence of Musicals

So, perhaps you’ve heard: La La Land didn’t win best picture at the Oscars.

But if every cloud has a silver lining, this one might be called golden: The Emma Stone-Ryan Gosling musical, which did win six Oscars, has been racking up box office numbers remarkable for a musical — nearly $417 million globally so far, according to comScore, a marketing analytics firm — and even more for an original one with no previously known songs or story. Damien Chazelle’s eye-popping, toe-tapping creation ranks third in all live-action film musicals, behind Mamma Mia! (2008) and Les Miserables (2012), neither of them original.

“That’s big-time money,” said Paul Dergarabedian, senior media analyst at comScore. “At times, the musical genre has been marginalized or not taken seriously. But this is serious business.”

‘Beauty’ blockbuster expected

It’s enough to make a musical fan break into sudden, joyful song, perhaps on the way to the multiplex, where this weekend Emma Watson’s Beauty and the Beast is expected to have a huge, $120 million-style opening.

And there’s a slew of other live-action musicals in the works, a combination of originals, sequels and remakes.

This Christmas, we’ll have Hugh Jackman as P.T. Barnum in The Greatest Showman, with music by La La Land lyricists Benj Pasek and Justin Paul. A year later will come the high-profile Mary Poppins Returns with Emily Blunt, Lin-Manuel Miranda and Meryl Streep, among others.

Also reportedly on tap: a Will Ferrell-Kristen Wiig original musical about the little-known world of corporate musicals, and a Josh Gad musical with songs by Broadway luminaries Alan Menken and Stephen Schwartz. A musical version of the Broadway megahit Wicked is also coming down the pike.

“Good movies beget other good movies,” said Marc Platt, a producer of La La Land, not to mention the upcoming Mary Poppins Returns and Wicked films. “So when a movie captures the imagination and hearts of people around the world, it’s going to have a positive influence on similar genres getting made.”

A rebirth?

Is the musical undergoing a renaissance, or at least a major moment? Or is it all just a happy coincidence? Certainly, it’s been a great time for musicals on Broadway, where Miranda’s Hamilton has been breaking all kinds of records since it opened in July 2015. And on TV, there’s been the trend of live musicals like Grease, Peter Pan and Hairspray.

“I don’t think it’s a coincidence,” said Mandy Moore, the choreographer of La La Land, who’s also worked extensively in television. “I think it went away for a while, that style of storytelling, and that style of music, and it’s like anything — bell bottoms were cool, and then they were not cool, and then they were cool again. People throw it away for a while and then come back to it and remember, ‘Oh, that was really cool, and why don’t we reinvent it?’ ”

To Menken, who composed the music for Beauty and the Beast and many other musicals, the moment for musicals has been happening “for quite a while.”

“Look at the box office,” he said in a recent interview, listing Hamilton and a slew of other Broadway shows, by him and others. “It’s just an explosion of musicals.”

Platt and Moore, of La La Land, also point to the younger creative voices injecting life into musicals in various forms; Chazelle is 32, and Miranda is 37.

Contemporary spin

“It’s part of the evolution of the art,” said Platt. “You have new young voices who grew up seeing the world in a certain way, and hearing the world in a certain way. And what’s really interesting is … they’re all steeped in the history of the genre. Lin-Manuel and Benj and Justin can tell you every piece of musical theater history, the way that Damien can tell you the history of great American and French New Wave musical cinema. And so they’re taking from the past, drawing on what they’ve learned and studied, but putting it through the lens and the filter of their very contemporary world.”

Beauty director Bill Condon credits animated musical films with getting audiences comfortable with the simple act of a character breaking into song.

“And then if you let it happen, it turns out that the audience actually loves that,” Condon said. “There’s a wider audience for it, for just the joy of breaking out into song. It feels like the audience has caught up again.”

They may have caught up, but that doesn’t mean it’s going to be easy for future screen musicals to capture the La La Land magic, said Dergarabedian of comScore.

“It’s not going to happen every year,” he said. “That was lightning in a bottle.”

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Angelina Jolie Appeals for Commitment to ‘Imperfect’ UN

U.N. refugee agency special envoy Angelina Jolie made an impassioned plea Wednesday for internationalism in the face of wars driving people from their homes and a “rising tide of nationalism masquerading as patriotism.”

The Hollywood actress, speaking at the United Nations in Geneva, called for a renewed commitment to the “imperfect” world body and to diplomacy to settle conflicts.

“If governments and leaders are not keeping that flame of internationalism alive today, then we as citizens must,” Jolie said in the annual Sergio Vieira de Mello lecture honoring the veteran U.N. aid worker killed in a Baghdad bombing in 2003.

“We see a rising tide of nationalism, masquerading as patriotism, and the re-emergence of policies encouraging fear and hatred of others,” she warned.

Jolie did not refer directly to U.S. President Donald Trump, whose administration is reviewing its funding of the United Nations and its participation in the U.N. Human Rights Council.

“A lot of the fear we observe today of refugees, of foreigners, is produced by ignorance, often fueling politicians as well,” she said in response to a question.

“We have to recognize the damage we do when we undermine the U.N. or use it selectively — or not at all — or when we rely on aid to do the job of diplomacy, or give the U.N. impossible tasks and then underfund it.”

Not a single humanitarian appeal to donor governments worldwide has received even half the amount needed, she said.

Operations in four countries where 20 million people are on the brink of death from starvation — Yemen, Somalia, South Sudan and Nigeria — are severely underfunded.

Jolie, who described herself as “a proud American” and “an internationalist,” has worked since 2001 for the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), visiting uprooted civilians from Iraq to Cambodia and Kenya.

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Scientists Reverse Type 2 Diabetes with Intensive Medical Treatment

Scientists have reversed Type 2 diabetes in a study of patients who underwent intensive medical treatment to control their blood sugar levels.

By following a regimen of strict diet, exercise and medications, up to 40 percent of the participants managed to stay in remission for three months after stopping their medication.

The research was conducted by investigators at McMaster University in Ontario, Canada.

Researchers divided 83 individuals with Type 2 diabetes into three groups. Two of the groups received intensive metabolic intervention that included a personalized meal plan that cut their daily caloric intake by 500 to 750 calories per day. They were also given an individualized exercise plan, met with a dietitian regularly and took medication and insulin at bedtime to help control blood glucose.

The only difference is one group was intensively treated for 16 weeks while the other group received the same intervention for just eight weeks. 

They were compared to a third group of participants that was given standard diabetic management information from a health care provider, including lifestyle advice. 

All of the participants had their blood glucose measured at 20, 28 and 52 weeks to see how well their blood sugar was controlled. 

After eight and 16 weeks of the intensive intervention, medication was stopped in both groups. 

In the 16-week group, 11 of 27 participants met the criteria for complete or partial remission of their diabetes for a period of three months after the trial.

In the eight-week intensive therapy group, six out of 28 individuals were in remission for three months after the intervention was completed.  Only four out of 28 patients in the control group showed remission.

The results of the study were published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism.

Could change diabetes treatment

Lead researcher Natalia McInness thinks the finding may shift the way adults with diabetes are treated from simply managing their blood sugar levels to a program of intensive therapy to put the disease into remission.  Under that strategy, patients would be watched for signs of relapse and treated accordingly.

In Type 2 diabetes, the body either doesn’t make enough of the hormone insulin, in severe cases, to ferry nutrients into cells or the cells become resistant to insulin.

Either way, McInness believes the intensive therapy intervention “gives the pancreas a rest,” decreasing fat stores in the body that in turn improve insulin production and sensitivity.  The pancreas is the organ that produces insulin.

She said the findings support the notion that Type 2 diabetes can be reversed, at least in the short term, through strict medical management. The idea of putting diabetic patients into remission, said McInness, could be very appealing, motivating them to make significant lifestyle changes.

Diabetes is a growing epidemic worldwide and patients struggle to maintain blood sugar levels in the normal range to avoid severe complications like heart disease, blindness and kidney failure.

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Film Looks at Idea of Hunting Animals to Save Them in Africa

The new documentary Trophy opens in a sprawling corner of South Africa run by John Hume, who is praised by some as protecting the continent’s rhinos from extinction and vilified by others for trying to turn the animals into cash spinners.

Trophy, shown this week at the South by Southwest film festival in Austin, examines how efforts to commercialize wild animals and encourage big-game hunting in Africa can generate funds for conservation, while also arousing criticism.

“We want the viewer to go through a roller coaster of being challenged and being confused,” filmmaker Shaul Schwarz said in an interview, adding there were no easy answers for protecting Africa’s big game.

How to protect wildlife

Trophy looks at people like Hume, the world’s largest private rhino breeder, who has spent large sums to protect the animals from poachers seeking to kill them for their horns.

Hume trims the tips of the horns from his 1,500 rhinos every two years, building a stockpile worth tens of millions of dollars that he wants to sell. He is lobbying to make the trade legal and use proceeds to protect more rhinos.

Some conservationists criticize him for wanting to turn a wild animal into a commodity, similar to the treatment of livestock.

Rhino horns, which can grow back, sell for prices higher than gold in parts of Asia where there is a belief, unfounded by science, that they can cure cancer.

Because of Asian demand, rhino poaching in South Africa surged to a record 1,215 animals in 2014. South Africa has about 20,000 rhinos, or about 80 percent of the world’s rhino population.

Game resorts and hunting

The film also asks questions about the role of game resorts sustained by hunting that can restore African ecosystems.

Tourists on photo safaris may spend a few hundred dollars a night to stay at an African game lodge, while a hunter can be paying several thousand dollars a night to kill game.

Data is scarce on how much money hunting generates across Africa. But in South Africa, the Environment Ministry has said the hunting industry is worth about 6.2 billion rand ($485 million) a year.

A license to hunt a lion in southern Africa can go for about $50,000. International agencies regulate some of the hunts and direct that proceeds be used to support conservation efforts in impoverished parts of the continent.

During filming, hunting became a global issue after an American trophy hunter in 2015 killed a lion named Cecil, provoking an international outcry.

After that, Schwarz and fellow filmmaker Christina Clusiau lost access to some sources who feared backlash.

“It is hard to wrap your head around the idea that to conserve something, sometimes we may have to kill,” Clusiau said.

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